Introduction
Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469–1539) is the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. Born at Rai Bhoi Di Talwandi (modern-day Nankana Sahib, Pakistan), he brought a revolutionary spiritual message that rejected ritualism, caste discrimination, and religious dogma, proclaiming the eternal truth of Ik Onkar (There is only One Creator).
The Three Golden Pillars of Sikhism
Guru Nanak Dev Ji established the practical spiritual way of life founded upon three cardinal principles:
- Naam Japna: Remembering and meditating upon the divine Creator in daily life.
- Kirat Karo: Earning an honest, truthful, and ethical livelihood through dedicated work.
- Vand Chhako: Selflessly sharing one’s earnings and food with the community and those in need.
Divine Journeys (Udasis)
Accompanied by his devoted lifelong companion, Bhai Mardana Ji playing the Rebab (stringed instrument), Guru Nanak Dev Ji embarked on four extensive preaching journeys across thousands of miles. He traveled throughout India, Tibet, Sri Lanka, Mecca, Medina, and Baghdad, dialoguing with Hindu scholars, Buddhist lamas, and Islamic Sufis to spread love and equality.
Founding of Kartarpur and Langar
In his later years, Guru Nanak Dev Ji founded the farming township of Kartarpur on the banks of the Ravi River. Here, he institutionalized the tradition of Guru Ka Langar (free community kitchen) and Sangat (congregation), where kings and peasants sat together side-by-side as equal human beings.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where was Guru Nanak Dev Ji born?
Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in 1469 in Rai Bhoi Di Talwandi, now known as Nankana Sahib in modern-day Pakistan.
What are the three pillars taught by Guru Nanak Dev Ji?
The three pillars are Naam Japna (meditating on God), Kirat Karo (honest labor), and Vand Chhako (sharing with others).
Who accompanied Guru Nanak Dev Ji during his journeys?
Bhai Mardana Ji, a Muslim musician who played the Rebab, accompanied Guru Nanak Dev Ji throughout his extensive Udasis.
What is the composition Japji Sahib?
Japji Sahib is the opening sacred composition of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, composed by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, setting forth the essence of Sikh philosophy.