Introduction
Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563–1606) was a towering spiritual luminary, master poet, and visionary architect. As the fifth Sikh Guru, he consolidated the spiritual and cultural foundation of Sikhism during a pivotal period of Indian history.
Construction of Sri Harmandir Sahib
Guru Arjan Dev Ji designed the central shrine of Sri Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar. Symbolizing universal humility and brotherhood, he built the shrine on a low plinth with four open doors facing north, south, east, and west, inviting the Sufi saint Hazrat Mian Mir of Lahore to lay its foundation stone in 1588.
Compilation of the Sacred Adi Granth (1604)
Guru Arjan Dev Ji compiled the sacred Adi Granth at Ramsar Sahib in Amritsar, including the divine hymns of the first five Sikh Gurus as well as Hindu and Muslim mystic saints (Bhagats like Kabir, Farid, Ravidas, Namdev). In August 1604, it was installed with supreme reverence inside Harmandir Sahib, appointing Baba Buddha Ji as the first Granthi.
Supreme Martyrdom in Lahore (1606)
Refusing to alter the universal message of the scriptures under Mughal Emperor Jahangir’s oppressive coercion, Guru Arjan Dev Ji endured brutal torture on a burning iron plate with hot sand poured over him, uttering: “Tera Kiya Meetha Laage” (Thy Will is Sweet to Me). He became the first martyr in Sikh history, inspiring generations of fearless devotion.
Frequently Asked Questions
When was the Adi Granth compiled and installed?
The Adi Granth was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev Ji and installed in Harmandir Sahib in August 1604.
Who laid the foundation stone of Harmandir Sahib?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji invited the renowned Sufi saint Hazrat Mian Mir of Lahore to lay the foundation stone in 1588.
Why is Guru Arjan Dev Ji called Shaheedan De Sartaj?
He is known as "Shaheedan De Sartaj" (Crown of Martyrs) because he was the first Sikh Guru to embrace supreme martyrdom for religious freedom.
Which major composition did Guru Arjan Dev Ji write?
Sukhmani Sahib ("Jewel of Peace"), a sacred 24-chapter composition in Raag Gauri, was composed by Guru Arjan Dev Ji.